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The back-pass rule refers to two clauses within Law 12 of the Laws of the Game of association football.[1] These clauses prohibit the goalkeeper from handling the ball when a team-mate has deliberately "kicked" the ball to them, or handling the ball directly from a team-mate's throw-in.[2] The goalkeeper is still permitted to use their feet and other body parts to redirect the ball.
The actual offence committed is the handling of the ball by the goalkeeper, not the ball being passed back. An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team from the place where the offence occurred, i.e. where the goalkeeper handled the ball. In practice this offence is very rarely committed.
The offence rests on three events occurring in the following sequence:[citation needed]
The ball is kicked (played with the foot, not the knee, thigh, or shin) by a team-mate of the goalkeeper,
This action is deemed by the referee to be deliberate, rather than a deflection or a miskick which is not intended for the goalkeeper,
The goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands. Handling the ball involves retrieving the ball or making a save with one or both hands.
An infraction would not occur if a team mate uses his head, chest, knee etc. (everything but foot) to make the pass (no matter where the point of impact with the ball is).
It would, however, be an infraction if a player were to use a trick to pass the ball to the goalkeeper, such as kicking the ball up and then using their head. If a player uses such a trick, he must be issued a caution.[3]
The back-pass rule was introduced in 1992[4] to discourage time-wasting and overly defensive play after the 1990 World Cup was described as exceedingly dull[citation needed], rife with back-passing and goalkeepers holding up the ball.
Therefore, another rule was introduced at the same time as the back-pass rule, with the same intentions. This rule prohibits the goalkeeper from handling the ball again once he has released it for play. This offence would also result in an indirect free kick to the opposition.[citation needed]
In 1997, the back-pass rule was extended to prevent goalkeepers handling the ball when received directly from a team-mate's throw in.[5]
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